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Wikstroemia bicornuta

Hillebr. (1888)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malvales Family: Thymelaeaceae Genus: Wikstroemia

‘ākia [akia], kauhi

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Straggling shrubs to small trees 1–2.5(–7) m tall.

Stems: Young branches hirsute or glabrous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades elliptic to broadly ovate or suborbicular, (2–)3.5–8(–10) cm long, (1.5–)2.5–4.5(–6) cm wide. Apex obtuse to broadly rounded. Base obtuse to broadly rounded, rarely slightly acute and with tapering base. Surfaces pubescent or with scattered hairs at least along the midrib and lateral veins, sometimes glabrous, petioles pubescent dark green on upper surface; lower surfaces lighter; blades chartaceous. Margins entire. Pinnately veined. Petioles 3–12 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in peduncles thick, ca. 3 mm long, hirsute, rachis subsessile, 2–10 mm long, hirsute, pedicels 0.5–3.5 mm long. Flowers unisexual, greenish, pubescent or sparsely pilose. Calyx tube of staminate flowers (5–)8–13 mm long, outer lobes 2–4.5 mm long, 1.5–3.8 mm wide, inner lobes 1.8–3 mm long, 1.5–3.5 mm wide, all lobes somewhat fleshy; Calyx tube of pistillate flowers (4–)6.5–9.5 mm long, outer lobes 2–4.5 mm long, 1.7–3.2 mm wide, inner lobes 1.2–3 mm long, 1.2–3 mm wide. Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens 8, the lower whorl included, the upper whorl sometimes shortly exserted. Pollen globose and polyporate. Ovary superior, 1-celled; ovules solitary and pendulous.

Fruit: Fruit unknown. Seeds without endosperm.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Wet forests.

Elevation Range: 900–1,050 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Lana'i Endemic
Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Notes

  • 900-1050 m
  • Description digitized by McKenna Bonn-Savage
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. Hawaiian Isl.: 387 (1888)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1285 (L, WM)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dense, shrubby forest, foggy afternoons. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 28571 Lanai BISH 1963-08-26
2 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet open bog with scattered native shrubs. Growing in large sink-hole. Preserved_Specimen Fruit orange. Warshauer, F.R. 3136 Maui BISH 1980-08-25
3 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In shrubby rain-forest. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 26836 Lanai BISH 1960-01-18
4 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing in a bog. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 19802 Maui BISH 1998-01-27
5 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Semi prostrate plant growing in bog scrub. Hobdy, R.W. 719 Maui BISH 1979-10-24
6 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 118 Maui BISH 1910-06-01
7 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 255 Lanai BISH 1915-03-17
8 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 342 Lanai BISH 1928-06-20
9 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Erect shrub or small tree to 2.5 m ht. Older branches dark brown to blackish. Young stems dense with tan pubescence. Corolla tube reddish-orange, ovoid, 10 mm long. Nagata, K.M. 2626 Lanai BISH 1983-03-20
10 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen A small shrub, 3 ft high. Rock, J.F.C. 8021 Lanai BISH 1910-07-25
11 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist forest on ridge. Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub. St.John, H. 18842 Lanai BISH 1938-04-14
12 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH 1915-05-17
13 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Windswept ridge. On open ground in 1 meter Ohia Montane wet shrubland. Assoc. veg.: Metrosideros polymorpha, Eragrostis grandis, Cheirodendron trigynum, Styphelia tameiameiae, Sadleria pallida, Odontosoria chinensis, Palhinhaea cernua, Isachne distichophylla, Machaerina angustifolia, Plantago pachyphylla, Uncinia uncinata, Tibouchina herbacea. Preserved_Specimen Fruits deep orange in color. Meidell, J.S. 251 Maui BISH 1997-10-29
14 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 469 Maui BISH 1917-09-25
15 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details in gulch. Wet Forest: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Leptecophylla, Myrsine lessertiana, M. sandwicensis, Melicope clusiifolia, Ilex, Pipturus, Gunnera, Bidens, Cyanea scabra, C. macrostegia, Clermontia arborescens, C. grandiflora, Coprosma, Cyrtandra grayi, Lobelia gloriamontis, Vaccinium calycinum, Dicranopteris, Sticherus, Diplopterygium, Hoiokula, Diplazium, Cibotium, Adenophorus tamariscinus, Dryopteris wallichiana, D. glabra, D. unidentata Preserved_Specimen Uncommon, possibly Wikstroemia bicornuta Pezzillo, Z. 427 Maui BISH 2023-04-25
16 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8045 Lanai BISH 1910-07-25
17 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 469 Maui BISH 1917-09-25
18 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8021 Lanai BISH 1910-07-25
19 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 448 Lanai BISH 1915-05-17
20 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 480 Lanai BISH 1929-10-17
21 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Fagerlind, F. 6425 Lanai BISH 1948-02-25
22 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8045 Lanai BISH 1910-07-25
23 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 498 Lanai BISH 1915-05-17
24 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH 1915-04-06
25 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH 1915-05-17
26 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH 1915-03-27
27 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH 1915-05-17
28 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Kondo, Y. Lanai BISH 1961-03-26
29 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH 1915-05-17
30 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Lanai BISH 1870-07-01
31 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10383 Maui BISH 1927-08-29
32 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Lanai BISH 1870-07-01
33 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Landgraf, M.F. Lanai BISH 1956-05-17
34 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In open Metrosideros forest now damaged and occupied largely by Dicranopteris mats. With Broussaisia, Scaevola, Dubautia, Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3 ft high, branches very thick, succulent. Carlquist, S. 2004 Lanai BISH 1966-07-16
35 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 388 Maui BISH 1917-09-25
36 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Aspect N in head of gulch, moderately open uluhe forest.DinLin/MetPol open forest: Metrosideros, Psidium, Cyanea gibsonii, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium Preserved_Specimen Z. Pezzillo 1278 Lanai BISH 2025-10-14
37 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Occasional in open ohia/uluhe shrubland. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Kadua, Vaccinium, Broussaisia, Leptospermum, Psidium, Pittosporum, Scaevola, Alyxia, Machaerina, Pterolepis. Preserved_Specimen Many branched shrubs to 1.75m tall; fruit bright orange. Oppenheimer, H.L. 51201 Lanai BISH 2012-05-02
38 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 10 ft, 3 in diam. Little Jr., E.L. 31237 Lanai BISH 1976-09-17
39 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris linearis wet forest Ilex anomala, Machaerina angustifolia, Pleomele, Freycinetia arborea, Cibotium, Salderia, Scaevola chamissoniana, Leucospermum, Psidium cattleianum, Araucaria Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3 meter ht with fruit, fruit color red to yellow-orange Perlman, S. 22850 Lanai BISH 2012-05-01
40 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wind swept ridge and steep slopes. Open bog community of Metrosideros polymorpha and Machaerina angustifolia and low canopy Metrosideros wet forest. With Broussaisia, Cheirodendron, Clermontia, Coprosma, Dubautia, Ilex, Melicope, Myrsine, and Psychotria. Preserved_Specimen Low decumbent shrub in bog, stems brown-reddish, flowers yellow green, leaves light green, common with W. oahuensis Wood, K.R. 14765 Maui BISH 2011-09-01
41 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Vegetation: Metrossideros, Dicranopteris, Cheirodendron, Diplopterygium, Broussaisia, Myrsine, Melicope. Preserved_Specimen A few sparingly branchecd plants observed, about 1 meter tall, emergent out of Dicranopteris. Oppenheimer, H.L. 11806 Maui BISH 2018-01-10
42 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Windswept ridge. On open ground in 1 meter Ohia Montane wet shrubland. Assoc. veg.: Metrosideros polymorpha, Eragrostis grandis, Cheirodendron trigynum, Styphelia tameiameiae, Sadleria pallida, Odontosoria chinensis, Palhinhaea cernua, Isachne distichophylla, Machaerina angustifolia, Plantago pachyphylla, Uncinia uncinata, Tibouchina herbacea. Preserved_Specimen Fruits deep orange in color. Meidell, J.S. 251 Maui BISH 1997-10-29
43 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Shrubby rain-forest at top. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 24229 Lanai BISH 1957-08-13
44 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details At base of cliff w. Metrosideros, Leptecophylla, Vaccinium, Eragrostis, Scaevola, Oreobolus, Rhynchospora, Carex, Geranium, Keysseria, Myrsine, Deschampsia, Plantago, Coprosma, Sadleria, Adenophorus, Schizaea. Preserved_Specimen Mature fruit red, ovoid. Oppenheimer, H.L. 50229 Maui BISH 2002-05-30
45 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist forest. Preserved_Specimen Tree 7 m x 1 dm; fls. yellowish-green. St.John, H. 18859 Lanai BISH 1938-04-15
46 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Extremely rainy region. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10383 Maui BISH 1927-08-29
47 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Bog; mostly on margins of bog. Assoc. Metrosideros, Myrsine, Clermontia, Pelea, Sadleria, Tetraplasandra, etc. Preserved_Specimen Small shrub, 2-3' tall. Gustafson, R. 2021 Maui BISH 1980-12-10
48 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist forest. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1.5 m high; fl. green. St.John, H. 18873 Lanai BISH 1938-04-15
49 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rainy bog. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10384 Maui BISH 1927-08-30
50 Wikstroemia bicornuta Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details in Metrosideros Montane Bogs. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Vaccinium, Eragostis, Deschampsia, Carex. Preserved_Specimen Scattered patches, over one hundred plants observed between 3000 and 3200. Oppenheimer, H.L. 91108 Maui BISH 2011-09-14
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